基于“通肾络、益脾肾”治法研究足细胞凋亡及自噬

[目的]基于中医"通肾络、益脾肾"治法,探讨通络益肾方对体外高糖培养的小鼠肾小球足细胞自噬和凋亡蛋白SIRT1、BNIP3、P62、Bax表达的调控影响。[方法]成熟无特定病原体(SPF)级SD雄性大鼠40只,随机分为正常组、中药高、中、低剂量组各10只。按照人与大鼠体表面积折算方法计算出大鼠所需中药灌胃浓度:高剂量浓度4.76 g/mL、中剂量浓度2.38 g/mL、低剂量浓度1.19 g/m L,灌胃10 d取含药血清备用。足细胞分6组,正常组5.6 mmol/L葡萄糖+10%正常大鼠血清、高糖组30mmol/L葡萄糖+10%正常大鼠血清、通络益肾方含药血清高、中、低干预组30 mmol/L葡萄糖+10%高、中、低剂量大鼠血清、高渗组甘露醇24.5 mmol/L+10%正常大鼠血清。细胞培养48 h后收集,Hoechst33342荧光染色,观察各组足细胞凋亡状况及形态变化;流式细胞仪检测足细胞凋亡率;Western Blot检测细胞内自噬标志蛋白SIRT1、P62及促凋亡蛋白BNIP3、Bax表达水平。[结果]流式细胞仪检测结果显示通络益肾方中、低剂量组可降低高糖诱导的足细胞凋亡率(P0.01或P0.05),高剂量组不能改善凋亡情况(P0.05);Hoechst33342荧光染色观察结果也证实通络益肾方中、低剂量组可降低高糖诱导的足细胞凋亡率;蛋白印迹结果显示,与高糖组相比,通络益肾方中、低剂量组自噬标志蛋白SIRT1表达升高,自噬标志蛋白P62及促凋亡蛋白BNIP3、Bax蛋白表达下降(P0.05或P0.01),高剂量组SIRT1、BNIP3、P62、Bax蛋白表达未见明显改变(P0.05)。[结论]中剂量、低剂量通络益肾方能够启动细胞自噬减少高糖刺激下体外培养足细胞凋亡,降低细胞凋亡率及凋亡蛋白的表达。     

Weight-bearing in ankle fractures: An audit of UK practice

IntroductionThe purpose of this national study was to audit the weight-bearing practice of orthopaedic services in the National Health Service (NHS) in the treatment of operatively and non-operatively treated ankle fractures.MethodsA multicentre prospective two-week audit of all adult ankle fractures was conducted between July 3rd 2017 and July 17th 2017. Fractures were classified using the AO/OTA classification. Fractures fixed with syndesmosis screws or unstable fractures (>1 malleolus fractured or talar shift present) treated conservatively were excluded. No outcome data were collected. In line with NICE (The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) criteria, “early” weight-bearing was defined as unrestricted weight-bearing on the affected leg within 3 weeks of injury or surgery and “delayed” weight-bearing as unrestricted weight-bearing permitted after 3 weeks.Results251 collaborators from 81 NHS hospitals collected data: 531 patients were managed non-operatively and 276 operatively. The mean age was 52.6 years and 50.5 respectively. 81% of non-operatively managed patients were instructed for early weight-bearing as recommended by NICE. In contrast, only 21% of operatively managed patients were instructed for early weight-bearing.DiscussionThe majority of patients with uni-malleolar ankle fractures which are managed non-operatively are treated in accordance with NICE guidance. There is notable variability amongst and within NHS hospitals in the weight-bearing instructions given to patients with operatively managed ankle fractures.ConclusionThis study demonstrates community equipoise and suggests that the randomized study to determine the most effective strategy for postoperative weight-bearing in ankle fractures described in the NICE research recommendation is feasible.     

Does exclusive breastfeeding correlate with infant's early language milestone?

Objective

This study aims to assess the correlation between the exclusive breastfeeding status with infant's early language milestone.

EARLY COPD: determinantes de la aparición y progresión de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en adultos jóvenes. Protocolo de un estudio caso-control con seguimiento

Introduction and objectivesDeterminants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the early stages of its natural history are not well known. Improving our knowledge of these factors will help to design interventions that can modify prognosis.Study objectives are: a) to characterize a COPD population of young adults aged 35-50 years from a multidimensional point of view; b) to compare these patients with smokers with normal lung function; and c) to create a cohort of young adults aged 35-50 years (smokers or former smokers), with and without COPD, who will be followed in the future to improve understanding of the natural history of the disease.Participants and methodThis is a case-control multicenter study aimed at establishing a well-characterized cohort of young adults, smokers or former-smokers, with and without COPD, for subsequent follow-up.A total of 311 participants (101 cases and 210 controls) were selected from approximately 30 primary care settings and 12 hospitals in 8 Spanish regions. Subjects were smokers or former smokers (> 10 pack-years) aged 35-50 years. Diagnosis of COPD was based on a post-bronchodilator result of FEV1/FVC < 70%.The main study variables were: questionnaires on health, symptoms, exacerbations and daily physical activity, lung function tests, blood and sputum samples, and low-dose computed tomography. In the statistical analysis, COPD patient characteristics will be described and compared with control subjects using a logistic regression analysis.     

Early diffusion-weighted imaging and outcome prediction of comatose survivors after suicidal hanging

Purpose

Early outcome prediction after suicidal hanging is challenging in comatose survivors. We analysed the early patterns of brain diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) abnormalities in comatose survivors after suicidal hanging.

Predictors of Short Intensive Care Unit Stay for Patients with Diabetic Ketoacidosis Using a Novel Emergency Department–Based Resuscitation and Critical Care Unit

Background

The resuscitation and critical care unit is a novel emergency department–intensive care unit designed to provide early critical care to emergency department patients for ≤24 h.

Associations of Early Age of First Intoxication with Past Year Drinking Contexts and Problems

Background: Mechanisms underlying associations between early drinking and problems are largely unknown. Objectives: We investigated (a) associations between early age of first intoxication (≤15?years) and past year drinking in different contexts and (b) whether early age of first intoxication is differentially associated with problems in these contexts. Methods: We used survey data collected in 2013–2014 from 405 past-year adolescent drinkers in 24 midsized California cities. Data included demographics; drinking behaviors; age of first intoxication; frequency of being at and drinking at restaurants, bars/nightclubs, outdoor places, and home; and problems. We used multilevel logistic and negative binomial models to account for the clustering of adolescents within cities. Probabilities were corrected to maintain family-wise error rates. Results: Early age of first intoxication was associated with a 120% increase in the odds of drinking at outdoor settings (OR = 2.20, p_c < .05). Early age of first intoxication was associated with increased numbers of problems related to drinking in restaurants (IRR = 5.72, p_c < .001), outdoor settings (IRR = 3.40, p_c < .001), and homes (IRR = 2.84, p_c < .001). Later intoxication (≥16?years) was not significantly associated with increased drinking or problems in any of these contexts. Conclusions: Results suggest that underage drinkers who report early intoxication are more likely to drink at outdoor settings, but not other contexts. However, they may differentially experience drinking problems across contexts. To target youths who have experienced intoxication at an early age and to reduce problems, prevention interventions should focus on outdoor settings.     

玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥除治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿

评估玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥除对糖尿病性黄斑水肿（DME）的疗效。方法：回顾性病例对照研究。2014年6月至2017年1月间因糖尿病视网膜病变合并玻璃体积血或增殖病变于温州医科大学附属眼视光医院杭州院区行玻璃体切割手术治疗，且术前或术中经光学相干断层扫描（OCT）检查确诊合并DME的患者31例（33眼）纳入研究。16例（18眼）术中联合内界膜剥除作为剥膜组，15例（15眼）仅接受玻璃体切割手术治疗者作为对照组。所有手术均由同一医师主刀完成。术后1、3个月随访时复查OCT，对比观察黄斑中心厚度（CMT）和视力的术后变化情况。随访中CMT和最佳矫正视力（BCVA）比较采用重复测量方差分析，组间CMT和BCVA比较采用独立样本t检验。结果：手术前，手术后1、3个月2组间比较LogMAR视力总体差异有统计学意义（F=15.93，P<0.001）。术后 1个月时剥膜组BCVA高于对照组（t=2.55，P=0.02），但术后3个月时2组间差异无统计学意义（t=0.82， P=0.42）。手术前，手术后1、3个月CMT总体差异无统计学意义（F=2.85，P=0.065）。术后1、3个月时，剥膜组的CMT均低于对照组，2组间差异均有统计学意义（t=2.24，P=0.03；t=3.79，P=0.001）。术后1个月时，剥膜组有效（与术前比CMT减少20%以上）、无效（变化不超过20%）及恶化（增厚超过 20%）的例数分别为8、6、4例，术后3个月时则分别为11、5、2例，与对照组相比，术后1个月时组间差异无统计学意义（Z=-1.687，P=0.092），术后3个月时剥膜组DME改善有效比例明显高于对照组，组间差异有统计学意义（Z=-2.177，P=0.029）。结论：对于非牵拉性DME，内界膜剥除有助于术后早期DME消退。